HA GIANG NYAB LAJ QAUM TEB

Lub moos Dong Van (Tooj Peeb)

Nyob rau lub tebchaws Ha Giang (Huj Yaj) yog ib lub xeev nyob rau Vietnam qaum teb. Lub tebchaws no yog ib lub tebhcaws toj siab kawg li.  Thaum uas peb Hmoob khiav Suav teb los txog no ces sawvdaws cia li nyob ib ncig saum tej nqaj roob no los khwv noj khwv haus rau roob teb no nyob los txog niaj hnub nim no lawm. Tebchaws no thaum ub Hmoob kuj vam meej thiab kuj muaj ib tus Vajntxwv Hmoob uas hu Vaj Zoov Looj nyob rau lub xeev no lawm yav qaum teb thiab. Lub xeev no kuj dav, yav qaum teb yog Hmoob kav. Lub xeev no yog ib lub ntawm  3 lub xeev uas muaj Hmoob coob tshaj nyob Nyablaj teb. 

Tej teb roob zeb

  Peb cov Hmoob nyob tebchaws no nyob coob heev, tiamsis tu siab uas peb cov Hmoob nyob tebchaws no feem coob txom nyem heev vim tsis muaj liaj teb ua no. Lawv ua teb rau puag pem toj roob siab thiab pob zeb li pob zeb xwb. Tebchaws no  ib txhia tseem yuav ev av mus rau saum tej qhov zeb es cog tsob pob kws rau. Tebchaws no tsis muaj dej haus li. Txoj nyem dej haus heev. Tseem hwv mus muab Ximaas luam ib cov pas rau ces thaum nag los hlob dej los puv cov pas no ces cov pej xeem ib ncig tuaj nqa mus haus xwb. Luag tseem hais tias  cov nyob deb ces tuaj nqa mus haus hos cov nyob ze ib txhia tseem mus da. Cov laus nyob tebchaws no hais tias "peb muaj dej haus ces yog nplua nuj lawm". 

Hmoob tab tom ua teb

Mus txog tebchaws no saib mas kuj pab tus siab kawg li saib peb tsoom Hmoob lub neej. Tsis muaj dej haus, tsis muaj liaj teb ua. Lawv mus ntaus zog lawm puag tom suav, tau nyiaj Suav los ces ib lim tiam mus tom khw mam mus pauv nyiaj tom khw xwb. Koj mus tom khw koj yuav pom muaj ib co neeg pauv nyiaj tom khw xwb. 

Coj me nyuam npua mus muag

Dhau li ntawd tebchaws no kev khwv nyiaj ces yog xaws me ntsis khaub ncaws los yog yug tsiaj txhu thiab qoob loos coj mus muag xwb. Ib lim tiam no qhib khw ces mam coj qaib coj npua nrog rau twm thiab nyuj nees tuaj muag tom khw xwb, yog tsis li ntawd ces lawv tsis pom qab yuav mus nrhiav nyiaj los siv. Ib txhia ces thawm niaj thawm xyoo noj mov kuam xwb (mov pob kws). Ib txhia txiv neej lawv tseem tuaj ntxiv khau ntxiv khaub ncaws toj khw kom tau me ntsis nyiaj mus pab lub cuab lub yig. Muaj saib mas pab tu siab rau peb Hmoob kawg li. Yog leej twg tuaj ncig txog tebchaws Vietnam txhob Hnov qab mus saib peb cov Hmoob tebchaws no os mog.

Tsev Hmoob

Vaj Loog Huab Tai Hmoob

Hmoob Nyablaj Qaum Teb

Photo: Istvan KadarTraditional way of life: The Rice Harvest

In Vietnam, the Hmong people are one of the largest ethnic minorities (around 900,000 people). They are principally concentrated in the mountainous north of the country and usually live at high altitudes. Different ethnic categories co-exist and can easily be identified by the way they dress and their traditions.

The Black Hmongs are best known for their handicraft and their traditional indigo blue dress. Flower Hmongs, on the other hand, wear colorful clothes, and it is not difficult to find them during market days.

Colourful Flower Hmong

Photo: Rudi Roels

Nowadays, Hmong hotspots such as Sapa are becoming large tourist attractions. On market days, the town is completely crowded with Western people looking for handicraft works, the exotic and all things genuine – although Sapa remains completely empty during the week. A new form of income has appeared which is transforming the Hmong people’s way of life and ancestral traditions little by little.

Black Hmongs at Sapa Market (North Vietnam)

Photo: Juliette Lacharnay

Known in China as Miao, which is a term to define all the different ethnic minorities, Hmong people mainly come from southern China. They had to flee from there during the Ming and Qing dynasties, after they rebelled against Chinese imperialism 300 hundred years ago. They eventually found asylum in Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. The Hmong history remains difficult to trace because their tradition is an oral one, but they are still identified as Hmong, thanks to their language, traditions and way of life, which they have succeeded in preserving.

Hmong Patchworks: The traditional handicraft

Photo: Juliette lacharnay

Even if some Hmong people have traded their traditional clothes to get Western attire, they definitely understood that opportunities for a new market economy were offered to them. In Sapa, the market is crowded every weekend with Western tourists surrounding themselves with as many traditional Hmong people as possible! Silver jewellery and handicraft works are a great success among the tourists. For the Hmong this is also a way to promote their culture and discover their traditions. However, tourism has had a strong impact on their culture and does disrupt their traditions.

Big changes in the familial Hmong structure

Photo: Juliette

Traditionally, the man and husband’s duties consist in looking after the entire family, taking the main decisions and responsibilities concerning the safety and welfare of the family. As far as they are concerned, women have to play the perfect housewives, taking care of their children and preparing and cooking meals. The handicraft work, like making handmade traditional clothes, is also a part of their job. However, important changes in this traditional structure have been observed recently, mainly since the intrusion of tourists in North Vietnam. Being the money provider had always been the husband’s role. This is not always the case anymore. At Sapa market, which is the biggest Hmong hotspot in North Vietnam, the place is crowded with dozens of Flower Hmong women selling their jewellery and patchworks with which to trap Western tourists. The scene is, in fact, quite funny.

Archaic Paradise: Neither water access nor electricity

Photo: Juliette Lacharnay

Thanks to this new form of income, Hmong people have been diversifying their traditional way of life. For ages, Hmong people subsisted with their harvests, mainly thanks to the culture of rice. Along the road, tourists can see small wood houses surrounded by fields for terrace cultivation. Here, there is no electricity or water access either; everything is archaic and simple. From their buses, some tourists might think that these landscapes are the exact definition of paradise. The place is wonderful and quiet, surrounded by Vietnamese mountains, lost between the fields. It is indeed truly awesome.

Tourists hosted by a Hmong Family

Photo: Juliette Lacharnay

What follows is a prime the example of one location representing two different realities according to who is looking at it. A small group of tourists has been

invited to spend the afternoon in a Hmong house as described above. A pig was

sacrificed for them. The tourists are mainly chatting with the Hmong woman, who

explains how things have changed for them. She had to learn English to sell her

products at the Sapa market, but the situation is still difficult. Her husband,

who was the head of the family, now has a minor role. He started drinking a few

years ago and now she has to provide for the entire family by herself. This is an example of how difficult life has sometimes become for them. It also reflects how brutal the social changes have been in a short period of time.

Photo: Juliette Lacharnay

Hmong people have always been known to be good at adapting while preserving their way of life, but the Western intrusion has created new needs and new habits. Vietnam, which is still a communist country, opened its door to tourism a while ago, and even if North Vietnam remains quite traditional in comparison with the south, times are definitely changing faster than the time it takes to realise it.

Zaub Mov Hmoob

About Hmong Foods  Mov Kuam Hmong cuisine is influenced by the counties they migrated to during the war.  They consist of many spices and herbs.  Chilies, cilantro, ginger, green onion, garlic, mint, fish sauce, and oyster sauce are very popular ingredients.  Their three meals always include a portion of white rice and some hot sauce (kua txob) to add some fire to their meals.  Most meals will also include a small portion of meat and a few vegetables.   Typical dishes are either boiled, steamed, or stir fried.  Hmong meals are considered very healthy.  In their native countries, they grow all their herbs, spices, and vegetables.  They also usually keep animals such as chickens, pigs and cows on hand.  Here in the US, most Hmong still try to stay true to this.  Many families typically still grow their own gardens with native herbs and spices and harvest the seeds for the next year. They also will butcher their own meats, usually with another family to fill up their freezers.  This reduces chemicals and cost for Hmong families.  Hmong families typically do not have a breakfast.  Sure, they may eat in the mornings but what it consist of does not differ too far from what they eat for lunch and supper.  Another difference is that Hmong families typically do not make or eat desserts.  For special occasions, they will sometimes make a dessert called Nab Vam.  Nab Vam, called Tri-Color in the US, is served cold and typically consist of tapioca pearls and tapioca strings in three different colors.  It also has coconut milk and caramelized sugar to sweeten it up.  There are more and more Hmong restaurants sprouting up in heavily Hmong populated areas.  A dish that is common in areas that Hmong people may be is Pho.  Pho is a soup that consists of rice stick noodles, beef steak, beef flavor paste, green onions, cilantros, chili oil/paste, and then you decide what other flavors you would like to bring in.  Other ingredients would include, but definitely is not limited to, are sugar, lime, chili, and bean sprouts.   This recipe definitely comes from the Vietnamese but has also been perfected by Hmong people and seasoned to their taste.

Hmong Recipes Nam Vam (Known as Tri-Color) 3 different colors/shaped uncooked Tapioca 2 cans coconut milk 4 cups water 2 cups sugar Banana extract Boil 4 cups water and 2 cups sugar together until color of honey and all sugar is dissolved, burns very easily so watch closely. Boil tapioca using directions from package.  Drain and run water through a couple of time  to keep them from sticking together.  Thin out your coconut milk by adding 1 can water to the one can of coconut milk. If making individual servings, put ½ cups of the different colored tapioca in cup, add ½ of coconut milk mixture, add 2 tablespoons of honey, and ice.  One drop of banana extract can be added at this point.  Stir together and serve with spoon.  You can also add just about any fruit of your choice.  Cantaloupe, honeydew, and lychee are pretty common.  Traditional Hmong Recipe for Hot Sauce Thai Chilies Fish Sauce Optional additional ingredients: Lime Cilantro You will find this hot sauce at every Hmong home you visit.  Most families, like my wife’s family, have a year supply in the freezer.  It is made with Thai Chilies, also known as Birds Eye Chili.  They can be found at just about any Asian market or with most Hmong families that have a garden, these chilies take up a big chunk.  You can make as much as you like but it is very simple and easy to store for long periods of time.  Take the amount you want and take the stems off.  Throw in blender until evenly chopped.  Not liquid.  This can be stored in the freezer and small amounts can be served with fish sauce at every meal.  You can also add lime and cilantro to change it up.  Again, you will find this recipe at every traditional Hmong household. *Wash your hands after every encounter with Thai Chilies.  They are very hot! Traditional Hmong Recipe for Chicken Soup 1 whole chicken cut into larger pieces (farm fresh chickens are the best) 2 stocks of lemon grass Salt and Pepper to taste Rice Using a stew pot, fill ¾ full of water.  Add lemon grass and all the pieces of chicken.  Add a teaspoon of both salt and pepper.  Cover and bring to a boil.  Soup is finished when chicken is fully cooked.  Taste liquid to see if more salt or pepper is needed. This traditional Hmong recipe is always served with rice with this poured on top and a couple pieces of chicken to be eaten like a soup.  Most Hmong families will have this meal once a week.  It is easy on the stomach and a Hmong staple.  Buy Hmong Ingredients

NYABLAJ NTAUS TUS HMOOB TSAV TSHEB

Nroog Hanoi

Ntawm no yog ib qho xov xwm ntawm ib tus kwv tij Hmoob uas tuaj hauv Facebook nws lub npe huav Facebook hu tias “Jacky DY” nws sau rau kuv hnub tim 15/7/2013. Nws hais txog  lawv lub campany xa ib co neeg tuaj mus ncig nyob rau peb tebchaws Vietnam, thiab muaj teem rau lawv cov neeg. Nram qab no yog lawv cov lus uas lawv tau tham qhia kuv. Kuv muab nws cov lus tham tso kiag nram qab no rau nej tau pom os mog.

09:46

Jacky DY

Nyob zoo tus kwv tij pov xyooj, kuv xav nug koj tias peb muaj ib lub tsheb ua yog tuaj hau peb lub travel company tuaj rau nyab laj teb ua yam raug cai lij choj, hau lub tseb ntawv thauj ib cov neeg txawv teb chaws ua yog cov neeg tawv dawb, thaum lawv tuaj txog rau sab nyab laj teb ntawm koj, muaj ib cov neeg phem yuav yog cov neeg nyab laj, tau muab lub tsheb ntawv tos kev ntaus, ua rau tus tsav tsheb raug mob nyhav, nyob rau hau lub tsheb ntawv kuj muaj ib tus guide coj kev xws li yog tus nyab laj thiab, hais kom tus guide ntaw hu rau tub ceev xwm tab sis nws hu xwb tsis paub tias nws hais li cas li yog los tsis yog, tab sis kuj tsis muaj tub ceev xwm tuaj li, qho no koj paum tau li cas xav tau information los mam li muab tuaj rau nej saib, cas cov neeg nyab laj no yuav phem ua luaj, koj paub li cas no sim qhia seb tus kwv tij.

Duab Piv Txog

·  Thứ Hai

22:13

Pao Xiong

Yog lawm os. Nyablaj lub siab yeej zoo li ntawd. Tsis yog Nyablaj ua rau nej xwb, nyablaj ua rau nyablaj ib yam os lov. Es yuav tau ceev faj xwb os. Tiamsis yog nej muaj neeg tos nej tom no mas yuav tsis ua cas os lov. Thaum ntawd yog lam tau nej hu rau peb thiab, tiamsis tsis tsis sib paub thiab ne yom? Qhov tseem ceeb Nyablaj yeej tsis tshuam ncaj os mog. Yuav tau ceev faj xwb os lov.

·  Thứ Ba

09:47

Jacky DY

kuv nkag siab, tab sis koj nyob rau sab koj ne peb puas muaj ib lub fws twg ua yuav hais tau lawv los kho peb tej xwm txheej tshwm sim mas koj hais na

·  Thứ Tư

·  17:54

Pao Xiong

Nej cov teeb meem ko tshwm sim qhov twg, thiab vim li cas thiaj tshwm sim? Nim no lawv hais li cas lawm mas lov?

·  Thứ Năm

·  10:16

Jacky DY

Zoo siab rau koj sob lus nug, cia kuv mam li nug tus tub tsav tsheb seb yog thaj tsam qhov chaw twg tiag, kuj tsis paub tab sis rau li tus tub tsav tsheb hais mas, tuaj thaum yuav txog rau hau nroog ces cia li muaj ib lub tshe motobike khiav los tav hauv ntej xwb, nws tsis luam tab sis nws nyem kes rau ces cia li ntes thaiv kiag hauv ntej tham xov tooj, ib pliag xwb ces nyab laj tuaj coob heev li kwv yees ntawm 20-30 leej, cia li tuaj ua heev rau, nws lod kuj tsis paub lus nyab laj, ces lawv cia li kom nws nqis los sib tham, nws hais rau tus guide Vietnam tias kom hu tub ceev xwm tuaj los tsis hu, ces cia li rub nws mus ntau xwb, raug sab kawg, thaum ntaus tas, ces cia li khiav tas lawm xwb, tsis tas li ntawv peb los kuj tau ceeb toom rau Lao Embassydor nyob rau nyaj laj thaib nyab laj li Embassydor nyob Lao. ces Vietname Embassy kom peb sau ntawv mus rau lawv, tam sim no sau mus rau, peb tsis paub ntawv nyab laj ces lawv kuj tsis kam txais hais cov lus, thiab tej zaum tseem yuav tau com mus txhais ua lus nyablaj nawb, kuv mam li ho muab rau koj tom qab seb yog tshwm sim nyob rau lub nroog twg, zos twg, thaj chaw twg nawb

·  Thứ Năm

17:24

Pao Xiong

Ua li os. Muaj dabtsi hais kom meeej mas lov. Kuv ntshai tsam tus guide ntawd nrog lawv koom tes xwb os. Vam tias yuav tsis muaj li ntawd os.

Saum ntej no yog cov teeb meem thiab cov lus uas nws thiab kuv siab tham tsis tau kho li. Vim li no sawvdaws yuav tau ua zoo ceev faj os mog. Yuav tau ua zoo saib thiab.

Hmoob Lub peb caug Loj Tshaj

Keeb Kwm

Peb tsoom Hmoob tau khiav mus thoob plaws qab ntuj, mus rua txhua qhov. Peb Hmoob lub hauv paus nyob Suav teb peb Hmoob swb rog rau suav, thiaj ua rau Hmoob khiav ua sab ua sua mus rau ub rau no. Thiab khiav mus rau txhua lub tebchaws, peb tsis paub tseem hais tias Hmoob lub 30 yog lub twg tiag. Tiamsis nyob li cov Hmoob feem coob yog nyob rau Suav muaj li 12.000.000 tus Hmoob, thiab Nyablaj teb tseem muaj li 1.200.000 tus thiab.

YouTube Video

25 lub zos hmoob cov hluas tuaj koom ua si ntawm lub zos Loojnyeej xyoo 2011

Đạo Viện, Yên Sơn, Tuyên Quang

Hmoob lub sijhawm noj 30

    Tas nro ob pab Hmoob Suav thiab Nyablaj no lawv noj 1 lub 30, lawv yuav noj rau thaum lub 1 hlis no. Nyob li ntawm Hmoob Nyablaj lawv yuav noj rau thaum lub 1 hlis lub hli thoob qab ntuj yog lub 2 hlis txhua xyoo. Xyoo no tsoom Hmoob Nyablaj lawv yuav muaj ntau lub koom txoos uas yog Hmoob los sib sau ua ke. 

Hmoob Nyablaj ib txwm noj 30 tib hnub thiab tib lub sijhawm. Dhau li ntawd Hmoob Nyablaj muaj cov koom 30 uas hu hais tias "Hmoob Hauv Toj" cov no yog cov uas muaj Hmoob tuaj sib koom coob tshaj plaws. Thaum lawv tuaj no tus yuav ua dabtsi los muaj tas.

Hmoob Nyajlaj

     Cov hluas lawv tuaj nrhiav tus hlub, nrhiav poj niam nrhiav txiv. Thaum tuaj li no sawv daws tuaj ua ke no koj pom kuv kuv pom koj ces ho sib nyiam, tej txhia dhau kiag thaum 30 lawd lawv kuj sib yuav lawm los muaj thiab. Hos nyob li ib txhia ntawm tej thaj tsam, thaum lawv tuaj ua ke no cov tub tuaj pom cov hluas nkauj nyiam lawv cia li sib xyaum tuaj muab zij mus ua poj ua sev los kuj muaj.

     Nyob li ib txhia neeg laus lawv tuaj ces lawv mus saib Hmoob tuaj dhia paj nruag, tuaj ntsib phoojywg, Tuaj hais kwv txhiaj, tuaj noj haus, tuaj dhia tes taw,tuaj dhia txhuj ci Hmoob. Ib txhia kuj coj khoom tuaj muag, ib txhia tuaj muag zaub muag mov. Tej txhia los kuj tuaj ua si lom zem, muab hais tus yuav ua dabtsi los muaj tas.

     Hmoob Nyablaj lawv kuj muaj kev lom zem kawg thiab.Yav tag los Hmoob kuj tsis tuaj koom ua ke luaj twg, tiamsis tau ob peb xyoo no lub neej kuj zoo lawm ntau, nyias kuj muaj nyias tseb motor tej, sawvdaws nyias taus nyias tuaj sib koom yam coob kawg li thiab. Nyob li xyoo no lawv tseem yuav ua zoo tshaj txhua xyoo tag los. Peb vam thiab cia siab hais tias yuav tau saib lawv ua yam zoo tshaj no.

Hmoob Mekas Los Toj Tuag Tshaib Dawm Tuag No

Dawm Tuag No

       Toj Tuag Tshaib, Dawm Tuag No. Toj Kab Ntsig Dawm Kab No. Lo lus no yog ib los lus ua txhua tus Hmoob puav leej paub. No yog ib qhov keev kwm txog ntawm Hmoob. No yog ib qhov keeb kwm uas tsawg tiam los peb Hmoob tseem niaj hnub nco txog. Thaum peb ib pas nqus tsis tuaj ces txhua tus yuav tau rov los rau lub dawm no thiaj dhau mus rau dej liab dej ntsuab thiab mus rau Suav Teb.

       Thaum ub peb Hmoob poob teb poob chaw rau Suav teb peb thiaj tau khiav los mus hla Nyablaj teb. Los hla tus Dej Liab Dej Ntsuab los mus rau Toj Tuag Tshaib, Dawm Tuag No, thiab hla mus rau Moos Laim, mus rau Moos Theeb, mus rau Laos Tsuas, mus rau Thaib, mus rau Mekas thiab hla mus rau ntau lub teb chaws.

       Nim no peb cov Hmoob tseem tshuav cov uas nyob tom qab, tseem tshuav Hmoob coob nyob rau cov tebchaws no. Nim no tus Dej Liab Dej Ntsuab nyob kiag ntawm lub nroog Lào Cai, tus dej phua kiag hauv plawv nroog, thiab qhov tus Dej Liab thiab tus Dej Ntsuab los sib tshuam nyob kiag hauv no. Ntawm no ib sab yog Suav thiab ib Sab yog Nyablaj. Hos lub Toj Tuag Tshaib Dawm Tuag No, Toj Kab Ntsig Dawm Kab No ho nyob kiag ntawm lub dawm uas ntxee kiag Suab Puam (SAPA) thiab Moos Laim (Lai Châu). Mus ntawm Dej Liab Dej Ntsuab rau Toj Tuag Tshaib Dawm Tuag No yog kwv lam 60km.

Ntawm lub dawm ntxee mus

         Lub 30 no yog lub 1 hlis 25 xyoo 2012 peb muaj ib tsev neg Hnoob nyob tebchaws Mekas ib tus hu Peter Lor tau los saib lub dawm no. Thaum lawv los txog lawv kuj xav tsis thoob li. Kuj zoo siab tias los txog lawm, tsis xav tias yuav los txog, vim tsuag hnov luag tej laus ib txwm piav, thiab xav tias ntshe yuav yog thaum yus tuag thiaj tau los, tiam sis hnub no tau los txog lawm tiag tiag.

       Ib tsoom Hmoob yog leej twg xav paub yeej meem los, kav tsij los saib ua ntej thaum yus yuav dhau lub ntiaj teb no. Paub ua ntej tias tej no nws zoo li cas tiag tiag. Yog ib tus Hmoob lawm tsim nyob peb rov los saib peb tej poj koob yawg koob tej hneev taw.